Abigail’s Party by Mike Leigh - 984 Words

In a sense there is no Beverly. How far would you agree with this? Abigail’s Party is a play by Mike Leigh set in 1977 in Essex. One of the most prominent themes in the play is class mobility. This was a major interest in the 1970s and many lower middle class members of society were aspiring to be genuine middle class and beyond! The stereotypical ‘middle class’ social occasion would have been a dinner party, yet we find ourselves at a rather less ‘classy’ occasion in Abigail’s party. All of the characters in Abigail’s Party seem to symbolize an area of society: Laurence symbolizes the aspiring lower middle class, working man, trying to gain a higher social status; Susan symbolizes the already middle class citizen quite content to remain middle class; Angela and Tony together symbolize the lower middle class. Beverly is also lower middle class but you could argue that she is beyond categorization. At the time, in 1970’s Britain, class mobility was at its most agitated; therefore there was a sense of social aspiration and desire for improved lifestyles among the lower and lower middle classes. ¬Ã‚ ¬ Beverly’s ‘performance’ throughout the play is rather unsettling. It is not only a performance from the theatre perspective, yet arguably a performance for the other characters involved in the party. There doesn’t seem to be any depth to Beverly’s character; she appears to be like someone playing at being a person, an impersonation of a person. Ray Carney said: Even her dialogue seems

Tea Crops Lead to Deforestation Essay - 1376 Words

Local land changes have left everlasting impacts on global commodities which contributes to the scrutiny of both the developing and developed nations. Although tea has fundamentally become one of the most sought after commodities not only here in North America; it has also sparked and gained a global desire as well. Conceived from the plant Camellia Sinensis and extracted from various countries throughout the world, we see the demand increasing by the day. This increase shows the importance and value in an escalating manner. On the other side of the curtain or behind the backs of consumers; some to the disarray may not be accustomed to or even brought to terms with land changing impacts? In fact, it’s quite interesting the†¦show more content†¦There are many pressing concerns that need to be addressed for tea production such as the unforeseen land use impacts of deforestation and how maintaining these cash crops in fact is an issue. Deforestation is attributable to th e extraction and production processes of tea during the point of drying the leaves to produce the tea itself but also the effect of water catchment loss and loss of habitat losses. Through the use of independent studies one is able to discover come to the realm of the issues to see in fact who should actually be concerned. These issues are compounded by changes in land use/land cover, which in turn are driven mainly by economic population growth, and urbanization. Through the land changing impacts it trickles down even through the smallest of cases all the way to the consumer’s hands or cup. There are also pressing concern, about erosion and degradation to the soil by which these tea plants are being grown in such large quantities. These concerns will address how producers are able to stay afloat, but also to keep consumers on board to promote social and economic sufficient practices to the availability of the commodity. How long do these tea producing countries want to rely on degrading their soils for the exports of their primary goods? Tea is used as a cash crop which means tea is grown in the periphery areas of Africa, Asia, and sold to other countries through exportation.Show MoreRelatedCauses of Deforestation Essay889 Words   |  4 Pages Farming Cash crops such as coffee, sugar, tea and tobacco are easy to grow and create quick income for a poor country like Brazil, home to the Amazon rainforest. The rainforests are cleared for commercial farming of these crops, which are then exported cheaply to Western countries. More recently, the illegal drug cocaine has become a popular cash crop and there are no ways to enforce laws to prevent this happening. Not only are the crops exported to Western countriesRead MoreQs on Forests4908 Words   |  20 Pagesto European planters at cheap rates. They had cut down the forest for land to start the plantation. This was another way for deforestation. Large areas of forests were cleared to make way for the plantation of tea, coffee and rubber to meet the growing demands of these commodities in European countries (Q.)Can you relate the progress of railways with the idea of deforestation in colonial period? Explain. (1 Mark) (Ans)  Ã‚   1) Railways were essential forcolonial trade and for the movement of imperialRead MoreCauses and Effects of Watershed Degradation7239 Words   |  29 PagesINTRODUCTION Page 4 - 6 2. Causes of Watershed Degradation Page 7 2.1 Land degradation 7 - 8 2.2 Deforestation 8 2.3 Removal of vegetation 8 2.4 Shifting cultivation without adequate fallow periods 9 2.5 Overgrazing 9 2.6 Poor farming methods 9 - 10 2.7 Cultivation of marginal lands 10 - 11 2.8 Improper crop rotations 11 2.9 Unbalanced fertilizer use 11 2.10 Pests and diseases 11 3. Underlying causesRead MoreSome Environmental Problems in Viet Nam Today4242 Words   |  17 PagesThe paper highlighted those stresses : the rural exodus to the cities due to scarce land resources in the countryside, the pollution problems in the urban environment, the migration of people to forested areas with direct impacts including the deforestation, the watershed degradation and the loss of biodiversity. Striking a balance between population growth and conserving the natural resources are necessary for a sustainable development which is to move away from resource exploitation and more towardRead MoreReasons of Businesses Conducting Operations in Third World Countries1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthird world countries. Ethical Implications of Businesses Polluting in a Third World Country There are several problems been aroused due to industrial wastes and garbage. These problems include water pollution, air pollution, desertification, deforestation, soil erosion and poisoning of the environment. Most of the industrial wastes are dumped into rivers that made it highly polluted. For example, the New River that flows from Northern Mexico to Southern California is considered to be the mostRead MoreThe Heroes Of Elephants From The Early Movies Of The Disney1824 Words   |  8 Pagesthe loss of habitat. Throughout the tropical regions of Asia, humans have cleared large areas of forest and river valleys for settlement (AMNH.org, par. 3). The World Wildlife Fund states that large industrial and development projects such as dams, tea and coffee plantations, roads, and railway lines have broken up what was once elephant habitats into small fragments (par. 1). This fragmentation process hinders the seasonal migration and breeding of the clan. In addition, habitat loss also affectsRead MoreCase Study : Starbucks And Second Cup3253 Words   |  14 Pagesbusiness in the world. The demand of tea and coffee is increasing with the changing trend of the society. The consumption of coffee an d tea is higher than other beverages. The coffee industries have number of social, economic and environmental issues. In the following paragraph we will state the major social, economic and environmental issues. Issues of coffee industry 1. Social issues: - Coffee is seasonal crop. Farmer’s livelihood is totally dependent on coffee crops. They earn money by planting coffeeRead MoreJames Finlays Attachment8695 Words   |  35 PagesLimited P. O. Box 71 Kericho. Kericho 20200 Kericho 20155-9 Mobile No 0722202365/6 Kenya The company is located in Southern Rift valley, Kericho District, six kilometers eastwards from Kericho town. I was Offered a placement at finance Department (Leaf Tea accounts),for a period of three month my Host supervisor Being Rose Koech holding a position of senior Assistant Accountant. CHAPTER ONE: 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Swire group. John Swire and sons LimitedRead MoreSustainable Tea at Unilever10669 Words   |  43 PagesrP os t 9-712-438 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2011 REBECCA M. HENDERSON FREDERIK NELLEMANN Sustainable Tea at Unilever op yo To survive and prosper over the long term, learn how to adapt your business model by making it servant to society and the environment. Not the other way around. — Paul Polman, CEO, Unilever In 2010 Unilever announced its commitment to a new â€Å"Sustainable Living Plan†, a document that set wide-ranging company-wide goals for improving the health and well-beingRead MoreCase Study : Starbucks And Second Cup2768 Words   |  12 PagesRecommendations for Second Cup: 13 â€Æ' Introduction We are chosen two company of coffee industries Starbucks and Second cup. The coffee industries are doing profitable business in the world. The demand of tea and coffee is increasing with the changing trend of the society. The consumption of coffee and tea is high then other beverages. The coffee industries are number of social, economic and environmental issues. In the following paragraph I will state the major social, economic and environmental issues

Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy Free Essays

Teenage Pregnancy: Who’s To Blame? Over the past 10 years, teenage pregnancy has escalated about 10%. As the years pass, more blames for teen pregnancy come up. The first few years that teen pregnancy became a problem, the people blamed the girl that became pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then as it progressed worse and worse, the blame pointed to the father of the unborn child. When the movie â€Å"June’ came out in around 2009 that became blame. Then came â€Å"16 and pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†. Hollywood started clamoring teen pregnancy pretty much saying its okay to be a teen mom because you can become ammos. This made the girls of the U. S think â€Å"Maybe since these girls are becoming famous for being a teen mom maybe I can too†. Then there’s the no sex education in the schools. Schools these days think that all teens know about sex so why teach it? Teenage pregnancies are 100% preventable. Teenagers should make the right decision and choose abstinence. If they choose to have premarital sex then they should take the right precautions to prevent pregnancies. Media and society plays a huge role in teen pregnancy. â€Å"16 and pregnant† is a show that publicizes pregnant teenage girls. It shows their struggles in life as a pregnant teen, how they try to deal with the Judgment of their peers, trying to go through school, having the baby, and trying to be a teenager. Another blame for teen pregnancy is peer pressure. Friends getting pregnant and boyfriends are the main peer pressure girls get. When a friend gets pregnant some girls get Jealous of the attention their friend is getting so they go and get pregnant so they can have the attention too. Then there’s the boyfriend factor; most teenage boys are sexually active and continue that way with all the girls he boy comes in contact with. Most guys think â€Å"Oh well since all these girls she hangs around with are doing it I’ll push her into doing it with me†, or they’ll pull the â€Å"if you love me† card. As a teenage girl there are many things going through your mind when a boy likes you and wants to have relations with you. You think about if he really loves you, if he’ll leave you if you don’t do it, etc. Cost teenage girls that become pregnant will tell you miss, I became pregnant to maintain a stable relationship with my boyfriend†. There are also many schools that don’t offer sex education. Most schools already have a high number of teenage pregnancies so they don’t think they need it because most of the kids there are already sexually active. The other half of schools that do offer sex education, do n’t have any kids that sign up for the class. In 2009-12 there are more teenagers out there that are sexually active then there ever has before. Sex education is the place where kids learn about sex and how to take the right precautions to maintain health. A living environment is also to blame. If a teenage girl lives in a not so good part of town and her mother was also a teen mom, that girl might become a teen mother. Yes, a girl may not become a teen mom in those living environments, but they also can come in contact other bad influences. Most girls that are pregnant, and or have had sex stated that they were either intoxicated or under the influence of illegal drugs. Parent’s are also a blame for teenage pregnancies. When parent doesn’t have tell the child about sex or having babies, it hurts the child in the long run because when contraceptives. Also, when a parent drills into their kids’ heads â€Å"don’t have sex or lull be tramp† â€Å"don’t get pregnant or I’ll kick you out and you’ll be homeless†, and try to restrict the kid from dating, talking to, hanging out with, or any type of contact with the opposite sex will cause the child to rebel against their parent’s thus having sex and getting pregnant. In 2009, 1 of 11 year olds have had sex, 2. 4% of 12 year olds, even though pregnancy at these ages is very rare, sexual activity is more likely to be in the teens. 5. 4% of 13 year olds, 11% of 14 year olds, 20% of 15 year olds, 33% of 16 year olds, more than half of the teens 17 to 19 said that they were sexually active UT 25% said they have not until the age of 20 (Gale, 2007). The average age of a teen having premarital sex is 16. 4 years in Caucasians and 15. 5 years in African Americans (Talk of the Nation, 2008). It is estimated that 19% of teenage girls who get pregnant opt for abortion, with about 52% of women younger than 25 years old getting abortions. Of the girls who give birth, most decide to keep their babies. Between 1982 and 1988, only 3% of Caucasian girls gave up tier babies for adoption, compared to the 19% between 1965 and 1972. That figure is even smaller for African American arils. These figures still hold generally the truth now days (World of health, 2007). Not only does premarital sex without contraceptives lead to pregnancy it also leads to Studs that can lead to permanent sickness and even death. Teenage mothers are at more risk of health problems than adult mothers. They are more open to dieses such as tootsie, anemia, and upperclassman. The number one contraceptive used by teenagers is birth control. It is 100% effective if taken the right way. The pro side of teen pregnancy is that you get to have a baby and that’s about it. The con side of teen regency is that you are a child your self and you are in your teens you are suppose to have fun and live life. Teen pregnancy is becoming an epidemic and it needs to stop because the abortion rate is sky rocketing, babies are being left out in the rain with no parental guidance. Yes, there are some teens out there that are great parent’s but they are very slim. When it comes to having children, teenagers are not able to raise them because they are children themselves. If teenagers think they are mature enough to have premarital sex then they should make the mature decision to prevent pregnancies. How to cite Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy, Essays

Evaluation of the Marketing Strategies Free-Samples â€Myassignment

Question: Evaluate the Marketing Strategies and Focus on the Market Segmenting, Positioning and Targeting. Answer: Introduction Chanel is a French high fashion brand, it offers a variety of luxury products for its customers that ranges from, clothes, watches, accessories, jewelries, shoes, bags and perfumes. House of Chanel was the name given to the brand when it was founded in the year 1909. The founder of the brand was Gabrille Benheur most popularly known as Coco Chanel. The first of the stores of the company was in Paris, later the brand expanded and spread throughout the world. Chanel is one of the most famous fashion brands in the world. Stores of Chanel are in Europe, North America, Central America, South America and Asia. The target customer of the band Chanel is both Men and women, who love fashion and have the ability to understand fashion. People who can carry the high fashion clothing of Chanel are the mostly the customers of the company (CHANEL. 2017). Aims Marketing strategies need a lot of research; companies invest a lot of money in market research so that they can make efficient marketing strategies. One of the most important strategies of the companies are segmenting, targeting and positioning. These strategies help the marketers a lot, in determining who their target customers are where they should locate their stores, how the market will be classified and what will be the aligning strategies for each of the market classification. These strategies help them gain competitive advantage. The report aims to focus on the market segmenting, targeting and positioning strategies. The customers of Chanel belong to the behavioral segment of Market. The targeting and positioning strategies are mentioned below. Segmentation Segmentation is the process by which the large market units are divided into smaller markets; all these smaller markets have more or less features that are similar in nature. The idea behind the market segmentation is to to make the subsets of the whole target market of any company. These target markets are divided on the various factors or can be defined as characteristics like, taste, preference and demand of the customers. It is a small unit that exists within a large market which have customers with similar thinking. Any particular market segment have individuals who have similar interests and think on same lines. The response of the customers of the same line is same influenced by the fluctuations in the market (Schlegelmilch, 2016). The basis of the segmentation are Gender Gender is one of the most common bases of segmentation for the marketers, the marketing strategies for men are different from that of women, because the taste and preferences of the two segments are entirely different, their needs are different. Any male would not buy products that are designed for a female. This particular segmentation a plays a very important role in manufacturing of jewelries, watches and clothes because fashion of men and women are not similar. Age Group Age group is also one of the most important determinants for market segmentation. Many products of the small kids are different from the products of the teenagers, all the age groups have different tastes and preferences and there are also different, therefore the marketers target these groups separately. The strategies are differently made for the different age groups. There are certain products that are unique to different age groups, some of the products are mentioned below Age group (0 to 10 years) Toys, Nappies, Baby food, Pram Age group (10-20 years) - Toys, clothes, books, school bags Age group (20 years and above)- Cosmetics, anti-ageing products, magazines, clothes and many more. Income Incomes of the customers determine which type of products they will buy. Low income customers will buy products that will satisfy his or her basic needs, he will not buy luxury products. The preferences of different income groups are different so the marketers make strategies separately for the different income groups. There are three categories of the different income groups they are, High Income Group Mid Income Group Low Income Group Stores that serve the high income group usually have different range of products from the stores that serve for the low income group holders. For example, Pantaloons, Carefour, Shoppers stop target mostly the high income group holders. The small retails they are mean for the medium and low Income groups. Marital Status The segmentation of the market can also be done on the basis of marital status of the customers. Tour operators have separate package for people who are single and they have special honeymoon packages for the couples. In many hotels for married couples there are special suites. So it can be said the marital status at times becomes a factor on the basis of which the services for the customers are often decided (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Occupation The occupation of the customers also is a determinant for the marketers for the segmentation. There are different types of equipments, accessories and costumes required in the different occupation. Stethoscope is equipment that is needed by the medical staffs mostly therefore the marketers will segment their customers based on their profession. Similarly, there are other products that are used by the different people in different occupations (Venter, Wright Dibb, 2015). Types of market segmentation Demographic Segmentation It is a very simple market segmentation and one of the most widely used market segmentation. In this segmentation, which is based on various variables, all the customers are divided. The companies to increase their market base use it. The determinants of demographic market segment are, age, gender, income religion, nationality, race and many more. The automobile companies have different ranges of cars that is for the people of different age groups. Companies like Audi and BMW only target people with high-income group, whereas the Maruti is for people who are medium income levels (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Psychographic segmentation This segmentation is based on the lifestyle of the target customers. The attitudes of individuals towards the various products become a determinant in deciding which product is to be bought. It is the interest of the individuals; lifestyle and values that make the marketers segment these customers and have separate strategies for targeting these customers. Luxury product customers fall under this market segmentation. Similarly gender also classifies the market; there are separate range of products that are offered to Men and Women. Behavioral Segmentation This segmentation is done on the basis of the behavior of the consumers, use of the products and the decision making of the customers. The preference of people who are active in sports will be different; if they will have to buy shoes they will mostly prefer sports shoes where as people who like casual clothing will pick a simple casual shoes. This type of segmentation can be applied in the area of smart phones. The Apple I phone is preferred by people who like spending money in luxury items; where as the smart phones of Samsung are bought by the people who like android OS. The buying behavior of the customers is one of the major factors that determine which of the market segment they fall (Sperber, 2016). Geographic segmentation The market segmentation based on various geographical areas can be defined as geographical market segmentation. This is a major factor to be considered, it is not possible for the marketers to make same strategies for people living in two different countries. The values, attitudes, tastes and sometimes even the needs of people living in two different geographical regions. The people of Western countries are very different from the people living in Asian countries. Woolen garments are promoted throughout the year in colder areas where as in hotter regions the woolen garments would be sold all through the years. McDonalds does not serve beef products in India because of cultural values, otherwise it is served in all around the world (Sperber, 2016). Customer Segmentation of Chanel Chanel is a luxury fashion brand, the customers of Chanel are the premium class customers, they are not sensitive to the price of the product, and it is income, the behavior and psychographic factors that contribute in segmenting its customers. The customers of Chanel come under the behavioral market segment. The premium clients are behaviorally very different from the other customers. For them the price of the products shows the class of people, it is a symbol of status for them and so they buy products that are of higher prices. They do not buy products their basic needs rather these kinds of products are bough to fulfill esteem needs (Ko et al., 2017). Targeting Targeting means focusing on a particular market segment, the chosen company is Chanel that is a French luxury fashion brand. The products of Chanel are basically luxury fashion garments, these products are for the segment of the society that belong to upper class and are very rich. The people of this particular market segment buy products for enhancing their status, they are not meant for satisfying any basic needs of the customers, these products fulfill the esteem needs of the consumers. Using the products of Chanel is a status symbol for the consumers. The buying behavior of the consumers who belong to this segment is different, the customers of this particular segment are not price sensitive, and rather the customers of luxury segment prefer to buy the high cost products (Shani Chalasani, 2012). Targeting the customers is a very important strategy that marketers have to make. A proper decision making is only possible when the marketers have ample amount of information about the target market for which their products are designed. That is the reason the marketers do a lot of research before planning which market segment are they going to target. Setting the target depends on various aspects, based on the type of product, price of the product, accessibility and availability of the product. If the distribution channel is not good in any particular area, the people residing in that area usually do not become the target of the markets. Target is basically the potential customers that any organization is planning to focusing on. Customers have different taste and all the customers are not same. Many factors play a very significant role in determining which product is suited of which type of customers. Companies produce and sell the goods to the customers whose needs can be fulfill ed by those products. All the other strategies are made according to the target, like the pricing strategy. Usually if the product is targeted towards the middle class they opt for penetration marketing strategy (Liao, Chung Lin, 2015). Targeting strategies of Chanel Chanel mostly target women who love fashion and does not care about the high price of luxury fashion garments. Chanel have clothe lines for men as well but most of the items are women centric. The cloth lines, accessories, watches, jewelries, shoes and leather bags are all designed keeping in mind the upper class of the society who have sufficient money so that they can buy the products of Chanel. Advertisements and promotional events are exclusively carried out in the areas where people of upper class visit on regular basis. The high price and of Chanel does not attract the middle class people that are mostly price sensitive therefore the brand does not focus in making their target customers. Items like jewelries that are made of gold, diamonds and other gems are especially made for the women. In the mens accessories items like cufflink are included. Chanel is one of the most famous fashion luxury brand that conducts its show and events where the design of the haute couture are show cased to the premium clients. Chanel is mostly operational in Europe, North America, south America and in Asia it has stores in China and in Shanghai region (Green Keegan, 2015). Advertisements of the products of Chanel are done through high class fashion magazine, which has a glossy appearance. Chanel is one of the top fashion brand in France, its competitors are Gucci, Prada and Louis Vuitton that are also quite famous luxury brands that are famous all around the world (Han, Nunes, Drze, 2015). Positioning Positioning refers to the location or market where the brand is placed. Positioning is done as per the demand of the product in that particular place. A lot of factors help in determination of the most appropriate location. Factors like distribution channel play a very significant role in positioning of any product, though Chanel has exclusive stores in all the places. These stores have almost all latest design and products of latest trends (Dibb Simkin, 2017). Positioning strategies of Chanel The stores of Chanel are available in France, London, other parts of Europe, in USA, other parts of North America and South America; in Asia they have stores in China, Japan and India. The boutiques of Chanel are present in Paris. The first Chanel was opened in France. All the stores are present in the most affluent parts of the Cities, because they are meant for the upper class of the society. The stores of Chanel are available in almost all the parts of the world because it is one of the most popular brands in luxury fashion. The locations of the brand is in the affluent areas, since the customers of Chanel are only the premium customers therefore opening stores at any part will be a waste of resources (Hollensen, 2015). Chanel has also effectively positioned itself in the minds of the customers; they are a well known brand. The brand has created goodwill in the market that by providing the best products to its customers. The customers for the uniqueness it provides like Chanel. The striking thing about Chanel is that they stick to their core values, the fashion designs of Coco Chanel are still used by the brand, it has not been changed. This brand is very famous among the female (Armstrong et al., 2015). Perceptual and positioning map of Luxury fashion brands Han, Nunes Drze, 2015 Evaluation of Perceptual map and recommendation Chanel has been positioned so because the customers of Chanel live in the affluent areas of the cities and that is the reason the positioning has been done according to the convenience of the upper class of the society who are the customers of Chanel. The major cities of the world are selected for positioning of the brand according to the demand of the customers. Chanel has been represented as high status brand as per the perceptual map because customers of Chanel belong to a rich and affluent societies. The price of Chanel is the symbol of prestige for its customers as per the perceptual map, marketers knowing this fact has been positioning the company the company in Paris, London, developed cities of South America, north America, Asia and other developed parts of the world. Chanel can open its stores in Asia where there is huge demand, like in India the stores of Chanel are only in two cities; it can open more stores in India, China and Japan. Conclusion Segmentation, targeting and positioning of any product in any market is a very important market strategy that all the organizations have to take. If the decision is not taken wisely then the brand might incur loss. Making appropriate market strategies for the right market are important because the sales and profit of companies depend largely on the strategies they make for the different segments of the market. The marketers are needed to smartly target their customers, they cannot make mistake, and targeting wrong customers will not be profitable rather it will incur lot of cost. Positioning of the stores is very crucial; they should stores in the location that will attract lot of customers. In crowded market places a lot of customers can be attracted. The Marketers are therefore required to do a market research before they plan to target any particular market. The strategies of Chanel for segmenting, targeting of its customers is very effective. The companys location is in the most affluent parts of the cities, this is also a very effective marketing strategy because the target customers of Chanel are upper class of the society that has high income, so the location should be in those areas where the customers live. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. CHANEL. (2017).CHANEL Official Website: Fashion, Fragrance, Beauty, Watches, Fine Jewelry. [online] Available at: https://www.chanel.com/en_US/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Dibb, S., Simkin, L. (2017). Market segmentation: diagnosing and treating the barriers.Industrial Marketing Management,30(8), 609-625. Green, M. C., Keegan, W. J. (2015).Global marketing. Prentice-Hall. Han, Y. J., Nunes, J. C., Drze, X. (2015). Signaling status with luxury goods: The role of brand prominence.Journal of Marketing,74(4), 15-30. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Ko, E., Kim, E., Taylor, C. R., Hoon Kim, K., Jeong Kang, I. (2017). Cross-national market segmentation in the fashion industry: A study of European, Korean, and US consumers.International marketing review,24(5), 629-651. Liao, S. H., Chung, Y. C., Lin, K. Y. (2015). A clash of personality? The relationship among consumer personality, brand personality and word-of-mouth with social-cognitive perspective: generation as the moderator.International Journal of Services Technology and Management,21(1-3), 111-126. Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2016). Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2012). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.The Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,8(4), 58. Sperber, S. C. (2016). The Luxury Market in the Fashion Industry: A Conceptual Segmentation. InHandbook of Research on Global Fashion Management and Merchandising(pp. 156-185). IGI Global. Venter, P., Wright, A., Dibb, S. (2015). Performing market segmentation: a performative perspective.Journal of Marketing Management,31(1-2), 62-83